{"id":332,"date":"2013-02-10T15:29:00","date_gmt":"2013-02-10T07:29:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/nike0good.jp1.rpvhost.net\/236"},"modified":"2013-02-10T15:29:00","modified_gmt":"2013-02-10T07:29:00","slug":"detailed_description_of_the_stl_list_linked_list","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nike0good.com\/?p=332","title":{"rendered":"STL list\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u8be6\u89e3"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u8f6c\u8f7d\u81ea\uff1ahttp:\/\/www.cnblogs.com\/this-543273659\/archive\/2011\/08\/01\/2123373.html<\/a><\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u4ee5List\u5bb9\u5668\u4e3a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86STL\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4ece\u5bb9\u5668\u5230\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u666e\u901a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e30\u5bcc\uff0c\u901a\u4fd7\u6613\u61c2\u3002\u4e0d\u5931\u4e3aSTL\u7684\u5165\u95e8\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u65b0\u624b\u4e0d\u5bb9\u9519\u8fc7!<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u3000\u30000 \u524d\u8a00<\/p>\n

\u3000\u30001 \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2alist<\/p>\n

\u3000\u30002 \u4f7f\u7528list\u7684\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570push_back\u548cpush_front\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5230list\u4e2d<\/p>\n

\u3000\u30003 list\u7684\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570empty()<\/p>\n

\u3000\u30004 \u7528for\u5faa\u73af\u6765\u5904\u7406list\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20<\/p>\n

\u3000\u30005 \u7528STL\u7684\u901a\u7528\u7b97\u6cd5for_each\u6765\u5904\u7406list\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20<\/p>\n

\u3000\u30006 \u7528STL\u7684\u901a\u7528\u7b97\u6cd5count_if()\u6765\u7edf\u8ba1list\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4e2a\u6570<\/p>\n

\u3000\u30007 \u4f7f\u7528count_if()\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u30008 \u4f7f\u7528STL\u901a\u7528\u7b97\u6cd5find()\u5728list\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u5bf9\u8c61<\/p>\n

\u3000\u30009 \u4f7f\u7528STL\u901a\u7528\u7b97\u6cd5find_if()\u5728list\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u5bf9\u8c61<\/p>\n

\u3000\u300010 \u4f7f\u7528STL\u901a\u7528\u7b97\u6cd5search\u5728list\u4e2d\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217<\/p>\n

\u3000\u300011 \u4f7f\u7528list\u7684\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570sort()\u6392\u5e8f\u4e00\u4e2alist\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u300012 \u7528list\u7684\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20\u5230list\u4e2d<\/p>\n

\u3000\u300013 List \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n

\u3000\u300014 \u4f7f\u7528list\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u4ecelist\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20<\/p>\n

\u3000\u300015 \u7528list\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570remove()\u4ecelist\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u300016 \u4f7f\u7528STL\u901a\u7528\u7b97\u6cd5remove()\u4ecelist\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20<\/p>\n

\u3000\u300017 \u4f7f\u7528STL\u901a\u7528\u7b97\u6cd5stable_partition()\u548clist\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570splice()\u6765\u5212\u5206\u4e00\u4e2alist<\/p>\n

\u3000\u300018 \u7ed3\u8bba<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5728field\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528STL<\/p>\n

\u3000\u300019 \u53c2\u8003\u4e66\u76ee<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

0 \u524d\u8a00<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    \u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u662f\u5173\u4e8eC++\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u2014\u2014\u6807\u51c6\u6a21\u677f\u5e93\u7684\uff08Standard Template Library\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ebSTL\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    \u5f53\u6211\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u6253\u7b97\u5199\u4e00\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8eSTL\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\u6211\u5f53\u65f6\u4f4e\u4f30\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bdd\u9898\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u548c\u5e7f\u5ea6\u3002\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5185\u5bb9\u8981\u542b\u76d6\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0STL\u7684\u4e66\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u91cd\u65b0\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b\u6211\u539f\u6765\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u6211\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u5199\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u53c8\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u6295\u7a3f\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u4f1a\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebd\u7528\u5462\uff1f\u6709\u518d\u6765\u4e00\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8eSTL\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u5417\uff1f<\/p>\n

    \u5f53\u6211\u7ffb\u5f00Musser and Saini\u7684\u9875\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u7f16\u7a0b\u65f6\u4ee3\u5728\u6211\u9762\u524d\u6d88\u878d\u3002\u6211\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u6df1\u591c\u6d88\u5931\u4e86\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5de5\u7a0b\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u3002\u6211\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u4e00\u5e74\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u4f7f\u7528STL\u5199\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4ecd\u7136\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002\u8ba9\u4eba\u5403\u60ca\u7684\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ca1\u6709\u6211\u800c\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u5f88\u597d\uff01<\/p>\n

    \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u8bb0\u5f97\u5728\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5f88\u96be\u5f04\u61c2\u90a3\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u672f\u8bed\u3002\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u6211\u4e70\u4e86Musser&Saini\uff0c\u6bcf\u4ef6\u4e8b\u90fd\u4f9d\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u90a3\u4ee5\u524d\u6211\u6700\u6e34\u671b\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u597d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u5f53\u6211\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3aC++\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684Stroustrup\u8fd8\u6ca1\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5b83\u8986\u76d6\u4e86STL\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u60f3\u5199\u4e00\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2aSTL\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u624b\u4e0a\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u597d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u8c61\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u65b0\u9898\u76ee\uff0c\u6211\u4f1a\u5b66\u7684\u66f4\u5feb\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u662fSTL\u5e94\u8be5\u5f88\u597d\u7528\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u53ef\u4ee5\u9a6c\u4e0a\u5f00\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528STL\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u4ec0\u9ebd\u662fSTL\u5462\uff1fSTL\u5c31\u662fStandard Template Library\uff0c\u6807\u51c6\u6a21\u677f\u5e93\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u4ee4\u4eba\u5174\u594b\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u6700\u65e0\u804a\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u3002\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0cSTL\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u201c\u5bb9\u5668\u201d\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u201c\u5bb9\u5668\u201d\u6709list,vector,set,map\u7b49\uff0cSTL\u4e5f\u662f\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u5bb9\u5668\u201d\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u5f88\u591a\u806a\u660e\u4eba\u5f88\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u6770\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

    STL\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4f60\u5c31\u4e0d\u7528\u91cd\u65b0\u5f00\u53d1\u5b83\u4eec\u4e86\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73b0\u6210\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u3002STL\u73b0\u5728\u662fC++\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u7528\u989d\u5916\u5b89\u88c5\u4ec0\u9ebd\u3002\u5b83\u88ab\u5185\u5efa\u5728\u4f60\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4e4b\u5185\u3002\u56e0\u4e3aSTL\u7684list\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u6253\u7b97\u4ece\u5b83\u5f00\u59cb\u4ecb\u7ecdSTL\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u61c2\u5f97\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5c31\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u4e86\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0clist\u5bb9\u5668\u662f\u76f8\u5f53\u7b80\u5355\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u5982\u4f55\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2alist\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u5b83\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2alist\u91cc\u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u8981\u4f5c\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f1a\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0cSTL\u901a\u7528\u7b97\u6cd5\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u6b62\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\uff0c\u800clist\u7684\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u662flist\u5bb9\u5668\u4e13\u6709\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u8fd9\u662f\u4e09\u7c7b\u4e3b\u8981\u7684STL\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u7b80\u660e\u7eb2\u8981\u3002STL\u5bb9\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u5b58\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5185\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u548c\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4f1a\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u4fdd\u5b58\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u5b9a\u4e49\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u653e\u5728\u86cb\u67b6\u4e0a\u7684\u9e21\u86cb\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6eda\u5230\u684c\u4e0a\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5f88\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728STL\u5bb9\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e5f\u5f88\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u6211\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6bd4\u55bb\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u5f88\u8001\u571f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u5f88\u6b63\u786e\u3002<\/p>\n

    STL\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u5bb9\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b97\u6cd5\u90fd\u6709\u5f88\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6267\u884c\u7279\u6027\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed9\u5bf9\u8c61\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b83\u4eec\u8bb0\u6570\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u5408\u5e76\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4ed6\u6709\u7528\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

    STL iterator\u5c31\u8c61\u662f\u5bb9\u5668\u4e2d\u6307\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6307\u9488\u3002STL\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528iterator\u5728\u5bb9\u5668\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002Iterator\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u6709\u4e9biterator\u4ec5\u8ba9\u7b97\u6cd5\u8bfb\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u8ba9\u7b97\u6cd5\u5199\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5219\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u884c\u3002 Iterator\u4e5f\u51b3\u5b9a\u5728\u5bb9\u5668\u4e2d\u5904\u7406\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570begin()\u6765\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5411\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668\u8d77\u59cb\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684iterator\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668\u7684 end() \u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5f97\u5230\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a值\uff08\u5c31\u662f\u5904\u7406\u505c\u5728\u90a3\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a值\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u8fd9\u5c31\u662fSTL\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u5bb9\u5668\u3001\u7b97\u6cd5\u3001\u548c\u5141\u8bb8\u7b97\u6cd5\u5de5\u4f5c\u5728\u5bb9\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4e0a\u7684iterator\u3002\u7b97\u6cd5\u4ee5\u5408\u9002\u3001\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u64cd\u4f5c\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7iterator\u5f97\u5230\u5bb9\u5668\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u505a\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c31\u5728\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u201c\u8dd1\u51fa\u8fb9\u754c\u201d\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6838\u5fc3\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u6709\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u589e\u5f3a\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u6709\u5173\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u73b0\u5728 \uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u770bSTL\u7684list\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

1 \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2alist<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c61\u8fd9\u6837\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2aSTL\u7684list\uff1a<\/p>\n

#include <string><\/p>\n

#include <list><\/p>\n

int main (void)<\/p>\n

{<\/p>\n

list<string> Milkshakes;<\/p>\n

return 0;<\/p>\n

}<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u5c31\u884c\u4e86\uff0c\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2alist\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u5417\uff1flist<string> Milkshakes\u8fd9\u53e5\u662f\u4f60\u58f0\u660e\u4e86list<string>\u6a21\u677f\u7c7b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c31\u662f\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u522b\u6025\u7740\u505a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\u5176\u5b9e\u4f60\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u4f60\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86 \u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684list\u3002\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5305\u542b\u63d0\u4f9bSTL list\u7c7b\u7684\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u6211\u7528gcc 2.7.2\u5728\u6211\u7684Linux\u4e0a\u7f16\u8bd1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

g++ test1.cpp -o test1<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u6ce8\u610fiostream.h\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u5df2\u7ecf\u88abSTL\u7684\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u5b83\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2alist\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5b9e\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u88c5\u4e1c\u897f\u4e86\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u52a0\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2alist\u91cc\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38 \u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u53eb\u505alist\u7684值\u7c7b\u578b\u3002值\u7c7b\u578b\u5c31\u662flist\u4e2d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d,\u8fd9\u4e2alist\u7684值\u7c7b\u578b\u5c31\u662f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32,string \uff0c \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2alist\u7528\u6765\u653e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

2 \u4f7f\u7528list\u7684\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570push_back\u548cpush_front\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5230list\u4e2d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

#include <string><\/p>\n

#include <list><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

int main (void)<\/p>\n

{<\/p>\n

list<string> Milkshakes;<\/p>\n

Milkshakes.push_back("Chocolate");<\/p>\n

Milkshakes.push_back("Strawberry");<\/p>\n

Milkshakes.push_front("Lime");<\/p>\n

Milkshakes.push_front("Vanilla");<\/p>\n

return 0;<\/p>\n

}<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u6709\u4e2a4\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5728list\u4e2d\u3002list\u7684\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570push_back()\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u653e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2alist\u7684\u540e\u9762\uff0c\u800c push_front()\u628a\u5bf9\u8c61\u653e\u5230\u524d\u9762\u3002\u6211\u901a\u5e38\u628a\u4e00\u4e9b\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606fpush_back()\u5230\u4e00\u4e2alist\u4e2d\u53bb\uff0c\u7136\u540epush_front()\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u9898\u5230list\u4e2d\uff0c \u8fd9\u6837\u5b83\u5c31\u4f1a\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u4ee5\u524d\u6253\u5370\u5b83\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

3 list\u7684\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570empty()<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u77e5\u9053\u4e00\u4e2alist\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5982\u679clist\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0cempty()\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u771f\u3002 \u6211\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u8fd9\u6837\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u3002\u901a\u7bc7\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6211\u90fd\u7528push_back()\u6765\u628a\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u653e\u5230list\u4e2d\u53bb\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528empty() \u6211\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f\u5426\u62a5\u544a\u4e86\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2alist\u6765\u653e\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u653e\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u653e\u4e25\u91cd\u9519\u8bef\uff0c \u6211\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528empty()\u8f7b\u6613\u7684\u8bf4\u51fa\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u90a3\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u6574\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9blist\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u6253\u5370\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u7528\u6807\u9898\u6765\u6574\u7406\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u6392\u5e8f\u6210\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\/*<\/p>\n

|| Using a list to track and report program messages and status<\/p>\n

*\/<\/p>\n

#include <iostream.h><\/p>\n

#include <string><\/p>\n

#include <list><\/p>\n

int main (void)<\/p>\n

{<\/p>\n

    #define OK 0<\/p>\n

    #define INFO 1<\/p>\n

    #define WARNING 2<\/p>\n

    int return_code;<\/p>\n

    list<string> InfoMessages;<\/p>\n

    list<string> WarningMessages;<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    \/\/ during a program these messages are loaded at various points<\/p>\n

    InfoMessages.push_back("Info: Program started");<\/p>\n

    \/\/ do work...<\/p>\n

    WarningMessages.push_back("Warning: No Customer records have been found");<\/p>\n

    \/\/ do work...<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

  return_code = OK;<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    if  (!InfoMessages.empty()) {          \/\/ there were info messages<\/p>\n

       InfoMessages.push_front("Informational Messages:");<\/p>\n

       \/\/ ... print the info messages list, we'll see how later<\/p>\n

       return_code = INFO;<\/p>\n

    }<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    if  (!WarningMessages.empty()) {       \/\/ there were warning messages<\/p>\n

       WarningMessages.push_front("Warning Messages:");<\/p>\n

       \/\/ ... print the warning messages list, we'll see how later<\/p>\n

       return_code = WARNING;<\/p>\n

    }<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    \/\/ If there were no messages say so.<\/p>\n

    if (InfoMessages.empty() && WarningMessages.empty()) {<\/p>\n

       cout << "There were no messages " << endl;<\/p>\n

    }<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    return return_code;<\/p>\n

}<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

4 \u7528for\u5faa\u73af\u6765\u5904\u7406list\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u904d\u5386\u4e00\u4e2alist\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6253\u5370\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u770b\u770blist\u4e0a\u4e0d\u540c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u904d\u5386\u4e00\u4e2alist\uff0c \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\uff1a<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\/*<\/p>\n

|| How to print the contents of a simple STL list. Whew!<\/p>\n

*\/<\/p>\n

#include <iostream.h><\/p>\n

#include <string><\/p>\n

#include <list><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

int main (void)<\/p>\n

{<\/p>\n

    list<string> Milkshakes;<\/p>\n

    list<string>::iterator MilkshakeIterator;<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    Milkshakes.push_back("Chocolate");<\/p>\n

    Milkshakes.push_back("Strawberry");<\/p>\n

    Milkshakes.push_front("Lime");<\/p>\n

    Milkshakes.push_front("Vanilla");<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    \/\/ print the milkshakes<\/p>\n

    Milkshakes.push_front("The Milkshake Menu");<\/p>\n

    Milkshakes.push_back("*** Thats the end ***");<\/p>\n

    for (MilkshakeIterator=Milkshakes.begin();<\/p>\n

           MilkshakeIterator!=Milkshakes.end();<\/p>\n

            ++MilkshakeIterator)<\/p>\n

    {<\/p>\n

      \/\/ dereference the iterator to get the element<\/p>\n

      cout << *MilkshakeIterator << endl;<\/p>\n

    }<\/p>\n

}<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aiterator\uff0cMilkshakeIterator\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u5b83\u6307\u5411\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2alist\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u3002 \u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528Milkshakes.begin()\u6765\u4f5c\u5230\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5411list\u5f00\u5934\u7684iterator\u3002\u7136\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u5b83\u548cMilkshakes.end()\u7684 \u8fd4\u56de值\u6765\u505a\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5230\u4e86\u90a3\u513f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u505c\u4e0b\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u5bb9\u5668\u7684end()\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5411\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684iterator\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5230\u4e86\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u5c31\u505c\u6b62\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u7406\u5bb9\u5668\u7684end()\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fd4\u56de值\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4ec5\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5df2\u7ecf\u5904\u7406\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u505c\u6b62\u5904\u7406\u4e86\u3002 \u6240\u6709\u7684STL\u5bb9\u5668\u90fd\u8981\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u6267\u884cfor\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u91cd\u590d\u5f15\u7528iterator\u6765\u5f97\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u6253\u5370\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u5728STL\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2aiterator\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u6765\u5b58\u53d6\u5bb9\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002 \u8981\u5b58\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u4e00\u4e2aiterator\u6307\u5411\u5b83\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u95f4\u63a5\u5f15\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2aiterator\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2alist\u5bb9\u5668\uff0c\u5c31\u8c61\u4f60\u6240\u60f3\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u5728iterator\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u6765\u6307\u5411\u9694\u4e00\u4e2a\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002 \u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528Milkshakes.begin()+2\u6765\u6307\u5411list\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aSTL\u7684list\u662f\u4ee5\u53cc\u94fe\u7684list\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c \u5b83\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u968f\u673a\u5b58\u53d6\u3002vector\u548cdeque(\u5411\u91cf\u548c\u53cc\u7aef\u961f\u5217)\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u7684STL\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u968f\u673a\u5b58\u53d6\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u4e86list\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u8bfb\u4e86\u5b83\u90fd\u80fd\u9a6c\u4e0a\u660e\u767d\u5b83\u662f\u600e\u9ebd\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u7684iterator\u548c\u6807\u51c6 \u7684list\u5bb9\u5668\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u4f9d\u8d56\u5b83\u91cc\u9762\u88c5\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c \u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u7684C++\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5411\u524d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4f7f\u7528STL\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u66f4\u52a0\u6807\u51c6\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

5 \u7528STL\u7684\u901a\u7528\u7b97\u6cd5for_each\u6765\u5904\u7406list\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528STL list\u548c iterator\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3001\u6bd4\u8f83\u548c\u7ed9iterator\u589e\u91cf\u6765\u904d\u5386\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668\u3002STL\u901a\u7528\u7684for_each \u7b97\u6cd5\u80fd\u591f\u51cf\u8f7b\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

\/*<\/p>\n

|| How to print a simple STL list MkII<\/p>\n

*\/<\/p>\n

#include <iostream.h><\/p>\n

#include <string><\/p>\n

#include <list><\/p>\n

#include <algorithm><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

PrintIt (string& StringToPrint)<\/p>\n

{<\/p>\n

    cout << StringToPrint << endl;<\/p>\n

}<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

int main (void)<\/p>\n

{<\/p>\n

    list<string> FruitAndVegetables;<\/p>\n

    FruitAndVegetables.push_back("carrot");<\/p>\n

    FruitAndVegetables.push_back("pumpkin");<\/p>\n

    FruitAndVegetables.push_back("potato");<\/p>\n

    FruitAndVegetables.push_front("apple");<\/p>\n

    FruitAndVegetables.push_front("pineapple");<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    for_each  (FruitAndVegetables.begin(), FruitAndVegetables.end(), PrintIt);<\/p>\n

}<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528STL\u7684\u901a\u7528\u7b97\u6cd5for_each()\u6765\u904d\u5386\u4e00\u4e2aiterator\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8c03\u7528PrintIt()\u6765\u5904\u7406\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3001\u6bd4\u8f83\u548c\u7ed9iterator\u589e\u91cf\u3002for_each()\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u6f02\u4eae\u7684\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6267\u884c\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0a\u7684 \u64cd\u4f5c\u88ab\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u6253\u5305\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u4ee5\u5916\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u7528\u518d\u505a\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u52a0\u6e05\u6670\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

for_each\u7b97\u6cd5\u5f15\u7528\u4e86iterator\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u8d77\u59cbiterator\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u672b\u5c3eiterator\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3002 \u8d77\u59cbiterator\u6307\u51fa\u64cd\u4f5c\u7531\u54ea\u91cc\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u672b\u5c3eiterator\u6307\u660e\u5230\u54ea\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u3002\u7528STL\u7684\u901a\u7528\u7b97\u6cd5count()\u6765\u7edf\u8ba1list\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4e2a\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

5.2\u7528STL\u7684\u901a\u7528\u7b97\u6cd5count()\u6765\u7edf\u8ba1list\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4e2a\u6570<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

STL\u7684\u901a\u7528\u7b97\u6cd5count()\u548ccount_if()\u7528\u6765\u7ed9\u5bb9\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u8bb0\u6570\u3002\u5c31\u8c61for_each()\u4e00\u6837\uff0ccount()\u548ccount_if() \u7b97\u6cd5\u4e5f\u662f\u5728iterator\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u6765\u505a\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u751f\u6d4b\u9a8c\u6210\u7ee9\u7684list\u4e2d\u6765\u6570\u4e00\u6570\u6ee1\u5206\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u578b\u7684List\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\/*<\/p>\n

|| How to count objects in an STL list<\/p>\n

*\/<\/p>\n

#include <list><\/p>\n

#include <algorithm><\/p>\n

int main (void)<\/p>\n

{<\/p>\n

    list<int> Scores;<\/p>\n

    Scores.push_back(100);<\/p>\n

    Scores.push_back(80);<\/p>\n

    Scores.push_back(45);<\/p>\n

    Scores.push_back(75);<\/p>\n

    Scores.push_back(99);<\/p>\n

    Scores.push_back(100);<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    int NumberOf100Scores(0);<\/p>\n

    \/\/count (Scores.begin(), Scores.end(), 100, NumberOf100Scores);<\/p>\n

    NumberOf100Scores = count(Scores.begin(), Scores.end(), 100);<\/p>\n

    cout << "There were " << NumberOf100Scores << " scores of 100" << endl;<\/p>\n

}<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

count()\u7b97\u6cd5\u7edf\u8ba1\u7b49\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e2a值\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\u3002\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5b83\u68c0\u67e5list\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6574\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u4e0d\u662f100\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u5bb9\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u7b49\u4e8e100\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u7ed9NumberOf100Scores\u52a01\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n

There were 2 scores of 100<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

6.\u7528STL\u7684\u901a\u7528\u7b97\u6cd5count_if()\u6765\u7edf\u8ba1list\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4e2a\u6570<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    count_if()\u662fcount()\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u7248\u672c\u3002\u4ed6\u91c7\u7528\u4e86STL\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002count_if() \u5e26\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u81f3\u5c11\u5e26\u6709\u4e00\u4e2aoperator()\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7c7b\u3002\u6709\u4e9bSTL\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u63a5\u6536\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61\u5e76\u8c03\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684operator()\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61\u88ab\u7ea6\u5b9a\u4e3aSTL\u7b97\u6cd5\u8c03\u7528operator\u65f6\u8fd4\u56detrue\u6216false\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6765\u5224\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4f1a\u8bf4\u7684\u66f4\u6e05\u695a\u4e9b\u3002<\/p>\n

    count_if()\u901a\u8fc7\u4f20\u9012\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u4f5c\u51fa\u6bd4count()\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5426\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u8bb0\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6570\u4e00\u6570\u7259\u5237\u7684\u9500\u552e\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u63d0\u4ea4\u5305\u542b\u56db\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u9500\u552e\u7801\u548c\u4ea7\u54c1\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u9500\u552e\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\/* || Using a function object to help count things *\/<\/p>\n

#include <string><\/p>\n

#include <list><\/p>\n

#include <algorithm><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

const string ToothbrushCode("0003");<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

class IsAToothbrush<\/p>\n

{<\/p>\n

public:<\/p>\n

    bool operator() ( string& SalesRecord )<\/p>\n

    {<\/p>\n

        return SalesRecord.substr(0,4)==ToothbrushCode;<\/p>\n

    }<\/p>\n

};<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

int main (void)<\/p>\n

{<\/p>\n

    list<string> SalesRecords;<\/p>\n

    SalesRecords.push_back("0001 Soap");<\/p>\n

    SalesRecords.push_back("0002 Shampoo");<\/p>\n

    SalesRecords.push_back("0003 Toothbrush");<\/p>\n

    SalesRecords.push_back("0004 Toothpaste");<\/p>\n

    SalesRecords.push_back("0003 Toothbrush");<\/p>\n

    int NumberOfToothbrushes(0);<\/p>\n

    count_if (SalesRecords.begin(), SalesRecords.end(), IsAToothbrush(), NumberOfToothbrushes);<\/p>\n

    cout << "There were " << NumberOfToothbrushes << " toothbrushes sold" << endl;<\/p>\n

}<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n

There were 2 toothbrushes sold<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7bIsAToothbrush\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u80fd\u5224\u65ad\u51fa\u5356\u51fa\u7684\u662f\u5426\u662f\u7259\u5237 \u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bb0\u5f55\u662f\u5356\u51fa\u7259\u5237\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528operator()\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2atrue\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u8fd4\u56defalse\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

count_if()\u7b97\u6cd5\u7531\u7b2c\u4e00\u548c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e24\u4e2aiterator\u53c2\u6570\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u6765\u5904\u7406\u5bb9\u5668\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5b83\u5c06\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a IsAToothbrush()\u8fd4\u56detrue\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u589e\u52a0NumberOfToothbrushes\u7684值\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u6700\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662fNumberOfToothbrushes\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e86\u4ea7\u54c1\u4ee3\u7801\u57df\u4e3a"0003"\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7259\u5237\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u6ce8\u610fcount_if()\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570IsAToothbrush()\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u7531\u5b83\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4e34\u65f6\u6784\u9020\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u628aIsAToothbrush\u7c7b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u5bf9\u8c61 \u4f20\u9012\u7ed9count_if()\u51fd\u6570\u3002count_if()\u5c06\u5bf9\u8be5\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u8c03\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

7 \u4f7f\u7528count_if()\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528count_if()\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u4e0b\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4f20\u9012\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528operator\u6765\u4f5c\u5230\u8fd9\u70b9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5fc5\u987b\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2alist\u7684\u4e2d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002 \u7136\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u4e3aIsAToothbrush\u6307\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u7f3a\u7701\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5b83\u4e86\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7259\u5237\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5b9a\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u52a0\u5230\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\/*<\/p>\n

|| Using a more complex function object<\/p>\n

*\/<\/p>\n

#include <iostream.h><\/p>\n

#include <string><\/p>\n

#include <list><\/p>\n

#include <algorithm><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

class IsAToothbrush<\/p>\n

{<\/p>\n

public:<\/p>\n

    IsAToothbrush(string& InToothbrushCode) : ToothbrushCode(InToothbrushCode) {}<\/p>\n

    bool operator() (string& SalesRecord)<\/p>\n

    {<\/p>\n

        return SalesRecord.substr(0,4)==ToothbrushCode;<\/p>\n

    }<\/p>\n

private:<\/p>\n

    string ToothbrushCode;<\/p>\n

};<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

int main (void)<\/p>\n

{<\/p>\n

    list<string> SalesRecords;<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    SalesRecords.push_back("0001 Soap");<\/p>\n

    SalesRecords.push_back("0002 Shampoo");<\/p>\n

    SalesRecords.push_back("0003 Toothbrush");<\/p>\n

    SalesRecords.push_back("0004 Toothpaste");<\/p>\n

    SalesRecords.push_back("0003 Toothbrush");<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    string VariableToothbrushCode("0003");<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    int NumberOfToothbrushes(0);<\/p>\n

    count_if (SalesRecords.begin(), SalesRecords.end(), IsAToothbrush(VariableToothbrushCode), NumberOfToothbrushes);<\/p>\n

    cout << "There were  "<\/p>\n

         << NumberOfToothbrushes<\/p>\n

         << " toothbrushes matching code "<\/p>\n

         << VariableToothbrushCode<\/p>\n

         << " sold"<\/p>\n

         << endl;<\/p>\n

}<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n

There were 2 toothbrushes matching code 0003 sold<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u6f14\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5411\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f20\u9012\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4efb\u610f\u4f60\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u518d\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u4f60 \u60f3\u505a\u7684\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u6cd5\u7f16\u8bd1\u901a\u8fc7\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61\u771f\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u8bb0\u6570\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u5b66\u4e60\u4e86\uff1a<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2alist<\/p>\n

\u5411list\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u5143\u7d20<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4f55\u77e5\u9053list\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528for\u5faa\u73af\u6765\u904d\u5386\u4e00\u4e2alist<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528STL\u7684\u901a\u7528\u7b97\u6cd5for_each\u6765\u904d\u5386list<\/p>\n

list\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570begin() \u548c end() \u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u610f\u4e49<\/p>\n

iterator\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5e76\u4e0d\u88ab\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528STL\u901a\u7528\u7b97\u6cd5count()\u548ccount_if()\u6765\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2alist\u4e2d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u8bb0\u6570<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4f55\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61<\/p>\n

\u6211\u9009\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\u6765\u6f14\u793alist\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u61c2\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u7684\u4f7f\u7528STL\u4e86 \u5efa\u8bae\u4f60\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ec3\u4e60\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6765\u6269\u5c55\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5305\u62eclist\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u548cSTL\u901a\u7528\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n

Pineapple<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56deFruit.end()\u7684值\uff0c\u8981\u662f\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u5c31\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u7740\u627e\u5230\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684iterator<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

8.\u4f7f\u7528STL\u901a\u7528\u7b97\u6cd5find()\u5728list\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u5bf9\u8c61<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u5728list\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u4e1c\u897f\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n

STL\u7684\u901a\u7528\u7b97\u6cd5find()\u548cfind_if()\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c31\u8c61for_each(), count(), count_if() \u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e5f\u4f7f\u7528iterator\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8303\u56f4\u6307\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2alist\u6216\u4efb\u610f\u5176\u4ed6\u5bb9\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6765\u5904\u7406\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u9996iterator\u6307\u7740\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u6b21iterator\u6307\u7740\u505c\u6b62\u5904\u7406\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u7531\u6b21iterator\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4e0d\u88ab\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u662ffind()\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n

\/*<\/p>\n

|| How to find things in an STL list<\/p>\n

*\/<\/p>\n

#include <string><\/p>\n

#include <list><\/p>\n

#include <algorithm><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

int main (void)<\/p>\n

{<\/p>\n

    list<string> Fruit;<\/p>\n

    list<string>::iterator FruitIterator;<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    Fruit.push_back("Apple");<\/p>\n

    Fruit.push_back("Pineapple");<\/p>\n

    Fruit.push_back("Star Apple");<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    FruitIterator = find (Fruit.begin(), Fruit.end(), "Pineapple");<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    if (FruitIterator == Fruit.end())<\/p>\n

    {<\/p>\n

        cout << "Fruit not found in list" << endl;<\/p>\n

    }<\/p>\n

    else<\/p>\n

    {<\/p>\n

        cout << *FruitIterator << endl;<\/p>\n

    }<\/p>\n

}<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n

Pineapple<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56deFruit.end()\u7684值\uff0c\u8981\u662f\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u5c31\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u7740\u627e\u5230\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61i<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

9.\u4f7f\u7528STL\u901a\u7528\u7b97\u6cd5find_if()\u5728list\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u5bf9\u8c61<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    \u8fd9\u662ffind()\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u7248\u672c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u6f14\u793a\u4e86find_if()\uff0c\u5b83\u63a5\u6536\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u505a\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5426\u548c\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u6761\u4ef6\u76f8\u4ed8\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u7684list\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6309\u5e74\u4ee3\u6392\u5217\u7684\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e8b\u4ef6\u548c\u65e5\u671f\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u627e\u51fa\u53d1\u751f\u57281997\u5e74\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u662ffind()\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u7248\u672c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u6f14\u793a\u4e86find_if()\uff0c\u5b83\u63a5\u6536\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c \u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u505a\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5426\u548c\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u6761\u4ef6\u76f8\u4ed8\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u7684list\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6309\u5e74\u4ee3\u6392\u5217\u7684\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e8b\u4ef6\u548c\u65e5\u671f\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u627e\u51fa\u53d1\u751f\u57281997\u5e74\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

\/*<\/p>\n

|| How to find things in an STL list MkII<\/p>\n

*\/<\/p>\n

#include <string><\/p>\n

#include <list><\/p>\n

#include <algorithm><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

class EventIsIn1997<\/p>\n

{<\/p>\n

public:<\/p>\n

    bool operator () (string& EventRecord)<\/p>\n

    {<\/p>\n

        \/\/ year field is at position 12 for 4 characters in EventRecord<\/p>\n

        return EventRecord.substr(12,4)=="1997";<\/p>\n

    }<\/p>\n

};<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

int main (void)<\/p>\n

{<\/p>\n

    list<string> Events;<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    \/\/ string positions 0123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345<\/p>\n

    Events.push_back("07 January 1995 Draft plan of house prepared");<\/p>\n

    Events.push_back("07 February 1996 Detailed plan of house prepared");<\/p>\n

    Events.push_back("10 January 1997 Client agrees to job");<\/p>\n

    Events.push_back("15 January 1997 Builder starts work on bedroom");<\/p>\n

    Events.push_back("30 April 1997 Builder finishes work");<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    list<string>::iterator EventIterator = find_if (Events.begin(), Events.end(), EventIsIn1997());<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    \/\/ find_if completes the first time EventIsIn1997()() returns true<\/p>\n

    \/\/ for any object. It returns an iterator to that object which we<\/p>\n

    \/\/ can dereference to get the object, or if EventIsIn1997()() never<\/p>\n

    \/\/ returned true, find_if returns end()<\/p>\n

    if (EventIterator==Events.end())<\/p>\n

    {<\/p>\n

        cout << "Event not found in list" << endl;<\/p>\n

    }<\/p>\n

    else<\/p>\n

    {<\/p>\n

        cout << *EventIterator << endl;<\/p>\n

    }<\/p>\n

}<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n

10 January 1997 Client agrees to job<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

10.\u4f7f\u7528STL\u901a\u7528\u7b97\u6cd5search\u5728list\u4e2d\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b57\u7b26\u5728STL\u5bb9\u5668\u4e2d\u5f88\u597d\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u4e00\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u96be\u5904\u7406\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2alist\u6765\u653e\u5b57\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n

list<char> Characters;<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u5e2e\u52a9\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u7136\u540e\u7ba1\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u5b83\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u662f\u4ece\u54ea\u91cc\u5f00\u59cb\u3001\u5230\u54ea\u91cc\u7ed3\u675f\u3002 \u5b83\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002\u6211\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u662f\u5426\u8bf4\u8fc7\u4ee5null\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u6570\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u52a0\u5165\u4e00\u4e9b\u6211\u4eec\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2alist\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Characters.push_back('\u0000');<\/p>\n

Characters.push_back('\u0000');<\/p>\n

Characters.push_back('1');<\/p>\n

Characters.push_back('2');<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5f97\u5230\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n

int NumberOfNullCharacters(0);<\/p>\n

count(Characters.begin(), Characters.end(), '\u0000', NumberOfNullCharacters);<\/p>\n

cout << "We have " << NumberOfNullCharacters << endl;<\/p>\n

\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u627e\u5b57\u7b26'1'<\/p>\n

list<char>::iterator Iter;<\/p>\n

Iter = find(Characters.begin(), Characters.end(), '1');<\/p>\n

cout << "We found " << *Iter << endl;<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u6f14\u793a\u4e86STL\u5bb9\u5668\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u4ee5\u66f4\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5904\u7406\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u7528STL\u7684search\u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u641c\u7d22\u5bb9\u5668\u4e2d \u7684\u4e24\u4e2anull\u3002\u5c31\u8c61\u4f60\u731c\u7684\u4e00\u6837\uff0cSTL\u901a\u7528\u7b97\u6cd5search()\u7528\u6765\u641c\u7d22\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u662f\u641c\u7d22\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4e32\uff0c\u4e0d\u8c61find()\u548cfind_if() \u53ea\u641c\u7d22\u5355\u4e2a\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n

\/*<\/p>\n

|| How to use the search algorithm in an STL list<\/p>\n

*\/<\/p>\n

#include <string><\/p>\n

#include <list><\/p>\n

#include <algorithm><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

int main ( void)<\/p>\n

{<\/p>\n

    list<char> TargetCharacters;<\/p>\n

    list<char> ListOfCharacters;<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    TargetCharacters.push_back('\u0000');<\/p>\n

    TargetCharacters.push_back('\u0000');<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    ListOfCharacters.push_back('1');<\/p>\n

    ListOfCharacters.push_back('2');<\/p>\n

    ListOfCharacters.push_back('\u0000');<\/p>\n

    ListOfCharacters.push_back('\u0000');<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    list<char>::iterator PositionOfNulls = search(ListOfCharacters.begin(), ListOfCharacters.end(), TargetCharacters.begin(), TargetCharacters.end());<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    if (PositionOfNulls!=ListOfCharacters.end())<\/p>\n

        cout << "We found the nulls" << endl;<\/p>\n

}<\/p>\n

The output of the program will be \u8fd9\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n

We found the nulls<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

search\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u627e\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u5728ListOfCharacters\u4e2d \u627eTargetCharacters\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\uff0cTargetCharacters\u662f\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2anull\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u3002 search\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u6307\u7740\u67e5\u627e\u76ee\u6807\u7684iterator\u548c\u4e24\u4e2a\u6307\u7740\u641c\u7d22\u8303\u56f4\u7684iterators\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u7684ListOfCharacters\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u67e5\u627eTargetCharacters\u8fd9\u4e2alist\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u5982\u679cTargetCharacters\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\uff0csearch\u5c31\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u7740ListOfCharacters\u4e2d\u5e8f\u5217\u5339\u914d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a \u5b57\u7b26\u7684iterator\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u5339\u914d\u9879\uff0csearch\u8fd4\u56deListOfCharacters.end()\u7684值\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

11 \u4f7f\u7528list\u7684\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570sort()\u6392\u5e8f\u4e00\u4e2alist\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    \u8981\u6392\u5e8f\u4e00\u4e2alist\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u7528list\u7684\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570sort()\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u901a\u7528\u7b97\u6cd5sort()\u3002\u6240\u6709\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u8fc7\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u90fd\u662f\u901a\u7528\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728STL\u4e2d\u6709\u65f6\u5bb9\u5668\u652f\u6301\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0clist\u5bb9\u5668\u6709\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u7684sort\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u901a\u7528\u7b97\u6cd5\u4ec5\u80fd\u4e3a\u90a3\u4e9b\u63d0\u4f9b\u968f\u673a\u5b58\u53d6\u91cc\u9762\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u800c\u7531\u4e8elist\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u5bf9\u5b83\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u968f\u673a\u5b58\u53d6\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684 sort()\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u6392\u5e8flist\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u7531\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5bb9\u5668\u5728\u6027\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u8f83\u9ad8\u6216\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u6548\u679c\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u573a\u5408\u652f\u6301\u5916\u90e8\u51fd\u6570(extra functions)\uff0c \u8fd9\u901a\u8fc7\u5229\u7528\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u7279\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\/* || How to sort an STL list *\/<\/p>\n

#include <string><\/p>\n

#include <list><\/p>\n

#include <algorithm><\/p>\n

PrintIt (string& StringToPrint)<\/p>\n

{<\/p>\n

cout << StringToPrint << endl;<\/p>\n

}<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

int main (void)<\/p>\n

{<\/p>\n

    list<string> Staff;<\/p>\n

    list<string>::iterator PeopleIterator;<\/p>\n

    Staff.push_back("John");<\/p>\n

    Staff.push_back("Bill");<\/p>\n

    Staff.push_back("Tony");<\/p>\n

    Staff.push_back("Fidel");<\/p>\n

    Staff.push_back("Nelson");<\/p>\n

    cout << "The unsorted list " << endl;<\/p>\n

    for_each(Staff.begin(), Staff.end(), PrintIt );<\/p>\n

    Staff.sort();<\/p>\n

    cout << "The sorted list " << endl;<\/p>\n

    for_each(Staff.begin(), Staff.end(), PrintIt);<\/p>\n

}<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n

The unsorted list  John Bill Tony Fidel Nelson The sorted list  Bill Fidel John Nelson Tony<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

12.\u7528list\u7684\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20\u5230list\u4e2d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    list\u7684\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570push_front()\u548cpush_back()\u5206\u522b\u628a\u5143\u7d20\u52a0\u5165\u5230list\u7684\u524d\u9762\u548c\u540e\u9762\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528insert() \u628a\u5bf9\u8c61\u63d2\u5165\u5230list\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5730\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n

    insert()\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u82e5\u5e72\u4efd\u62f7\u8d1d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u4e2a\u8303\u56f4\u4ee5\u5185\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u63d2\u5165\u5bf9\u8c61\u5230list\u4e2d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\/*<\/p>\n

|| Using insert to insert elements into a list.<\/p>\n

*\/<\/p>\n

#include <list><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

int main (void)<\/p>\n

{<\/p>\n

    list<int> list1;<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    \/*<\/p>\n

    || Put integers 0 to 9 in the list<\/p>\n

    *\/<\/p>\n

    for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) list1.push_back(i);<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    \/*<\/p>\n

    || Insert -1 using the insert member function<\/p>\n

    || Our list will contain -1,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9<\/p>\n

    *\/<\/p>\n

    list1.insert(list1.begin(), -1);<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    \/*<\/p>\n

    || Insert an element at the end using insert<\/p>\n

    || Our list will contain -1,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10<\/p>\n

    *\/<\/p>\n

    list1.insert(list1.end(), 10);<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    \/*<\/p>\n

    || Inserting a range from another container<\/p>\n

    || Our list will contain -1,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12<\/p>\n

    *\/<\/p>\n

    int IntArray[2] = {11,12};<\/p>\n

    list1.insert(list1.end(), &IntArray[0], &IntArray[2]);<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    \/*<\/p>\n

    || As an exercise put the code in here to print the lists!<\/p>\n

    || Hint: use PrintIt and accept an interger<\/p>\n

    *\/<\/p>\n

}<\/p>\n

\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cinsert()\u51fd\u6570\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u82e5\u5e72\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u4f60\u6307\u51fa\u7684iterator\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u4f60\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5c06\u51fa\u73b0\u5728 iterator\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4ee5\u524d\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

13.List \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u8c61\u8fd9\u6837\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86list\uff1a<\/p>\n

list<int> Fred;<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c61\u8fd9\u6837\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2alist\uff0c\u5e76\u540c\u65f6\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5b83\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff1a<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\/\/ define a list of 10 elements and initialise them all to 0<\/p>\n

list<int> Fred(10, 0);<\/p>\n

\/\/ list now contains 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0<\/p>\n

\u6216\u8005\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2alist\u5e76\u7528\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2aSTL\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8303\u56f4\u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5b83\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2aSTL\u5bb9\u5668\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2alist\uff0c \u4ec5\u4ec5\u9700\u8981\u662f\u5143\u7d20\u7c7b\u578b\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u3002<\/p>\n

vector<int> Harry;<\/p>\n

Harry.push_back(1);<\/p>\n

Harry.push_back(2);<\/p>\n

#<\/p>\n

\/\/ define a list and initialise it with the elements in Harry<\/p>\n

list<int> Bill(Harry.begin(), Harry.end());<\/p>\n

\/\/ Bill now contains 1,2<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

14.\u4f7f\u7528list\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u4ecelist\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    list\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570pop_front()\u5220\u6389list\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0cpop_back()\u5220\u6389\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u51fd\u6570erase()\u5220\u6389\u7531\u4e00\u4e2aiterator\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2aerase()\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u5220\u6389\u4e00\u4e2a\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\/* || Erasing objects from a list *\/<\/p>\n

#include <list><\/p>\n

int main (void)<\/p>\n

{<\/p>\n

    list<int> list1;    \/\/ define a list of integers<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    \/* || Put some numbers in the list || It now contains 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 *\/<\/p>\n

    for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i)<\/p>\n

        list1.push_back(i);<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

list1.pop_front();    \/\/ erase the first element 0<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    list1.pop_back();     \/\/ erase the last element 9<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    list1.erase(list1.begin());<\/p>\n

    \/\/ erase the first element (1) using an iterator<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    list1.erase(list1.begin(), list1.end());<\/p>\n

    \/\/ erase all the remaining elements<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    cout << "list contains " << list1.size() << " elements" << endl;<\/p>\n

}<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n

list contains 0 elements<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

15.\u7528list\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570remove()\u4ecelist\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\/* || Using the list member function remove to remove elements *\/<\/p>\n

#include <string><\/p>\n

#include <list><\/p>\n

#include <algorithm><\/p>\n

PrintIt (const string& StringToPrint)<\/p>\n

{<\/p>\n

cout << StringToPrint << endl;<\/p>\n

}<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

int main (void)<\/p>\n

{<\/p>\n

list<string> Birds;<\/p>\n

Birds.push_back("cockatoo");<\/p>\n

Birds.push_back("galah");<\/p>\n

Birds.push_back("cockatoo");<\/p>\n

Birds.push_back("rosella");<\/p>\n

Birds.push_back("corella");<\/p>\n

cout << "Original list with cockatoos" << endl;<\/p>\n

for_each(Birds.begin(), Birds.end(), PrintIt);<\/p>\n

Birds.remove("cockatoo");<\/p>\n

cout << "Now no cockatoos" << endl;<\/p>\n

for_each(Birds.begin(), Birds.end(), PrintIt);<\/p>\n

}<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n

  Original list with cockatoos cockatoo galah cockatoo rosella corella Now no cockatoos galah rosella corella<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

16.\u4f7f\u7528STL\u901a\u7528\u7b97\u6cd5remove()\u4ecelist\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u901a\u7528\u7b97\u6cd5remove()\u4f7f\u7528\u548clist\u7684\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n

\/*<\/p>\n

|| Using the generic remove algorithm to remove list elements<\/p>\n

*\/<\/p>\n

#include <string><\/p>\n

#include <list><\/p>\n

#include <algorithm><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

PrintIt(string& AString) { cout << AString << endl; }<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

int main (void)<\/p>\n

{<\/p>\n

    list<string> Birds;<\/p>\n

    list<string>::iterator NewEnd;<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    Birds.push_back("cockatoo");<\/p>\n

    Birds.push_back("galah");<\/p>\n

    Birds.push_back("cockatoo");<\/p>\n

    Birds.push_back("rosella");<\/p>\n

    Birds.push_back("king parrot");<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    cout << "Original list" << endl;<\/p>\n

    for_each(Birds.begin(), Birds.end(), PrintIt);<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    NewEnd = remove(Birds.begin(), Birds.end(), "cockatoo");<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    cout << endl << "List according to new past the end iterator" << endl;<\/p>\n

    for_each(Birds.begin(), NewEnd, PrintIt);<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    cout << endl << "Original list now. Care required!" << endl;<\/p>\n

    for_each(Birds.begin(), Birds.end(), PrintIt);<\/p>\n

}<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u5c06\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n

Original list<\/p>\n

cockatoo<\/p>\n

galah<\/p>\n

cockatoo<\/p>\n

rosella<\/p>\n

king parrot<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

List according to new past the end iterator<\/p>\n

galah<\/p>\n

rosella<\/p>\n

king parrot<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Original list now. Care required!<\/p>\n

galah<\/p>\n

rosella<\/p>\n

king parrot<\/p>\n

rosella<\/p>\n

king parrot<\/p>\n

\u901a\u7528remove()\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5411\u65b0\u7684list\u7684\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684iterator\u3002\u4ece\u5f00\u59cb\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7ed3\u5c3e\uff08\u4e0d\u542b\u65b0\u7ed3\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\u7684\u8303\u56f4 \u5305\u542b\u4e86remove\u540e\u5269\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528list\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570erase\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5220\u9664\u4ece\u65b0\u7ed3\u5c3e\u5230\u8001\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

17.\u4f7f\u7528STL\u901a\u7528\u7b97\u6cd5stable_partition()\u548clist\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570splice()\u6765\u5212\u5206\u4e00\u4e2alist<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528STL\u901a\u7528\u7b97\u6cd5stable_partition()\u548clist\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570splice()\u6765\u5212\u5206\u4e00\u4e2alist<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0d\u5fae\u6709\u70b9\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u5b83\u6f14\u793aSTL\u901a\u7528\u7b97\u6cd5stable_partition()\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u4e00\u4e2alist\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570 splice()\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u5faa\u73af\u3002 \u901a\u8fc7\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8bed\u53e5\u8c03\u7528STL\u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n

stable_partition()\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5b83\u91cd\u65b0\u6392\u5217\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6ee1\u8db3\u6307\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u6392\u5728 \u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u524d\u9762\u3002\u5b83\u7ef4\u6301\u7740\u4e24\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

splice \u628a\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2alist\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u7ed3\u5408\u5230\u4e00\u4e2alist\u4e2d\u3002\u5b83\u4ece\u6e90list\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u4ece\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u63a5\u6536\u4e00\u4e9b\u6807\u5fd7\u548c\u56db\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5fc5\u987b\u2019\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528stable_partition() \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u6536\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u6df7\u4e3a\u4efb\u4f55\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u6253\u4e71\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u5c31\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u653e\u5230\u4e00\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u7531\u4e8e\u8bb0\u6570\u548c\u67e5\u627e\u7b97\u6cd5\u90fd\u5f88\u6613\u7528\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8c03\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e2a\u6807\u5fd7\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u800c\u54ea\u4e2a\u6807\u5fd7\u672a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002 \u6211\u53d1\u73b0\u5bb9\u5668\u7528\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u5c11\u91cf\u7684\u8c61\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\/*<\/p>\n

|| Using the STL stable_partition algorithm<\/p>\n

|| Takes any number of flags on the command line and<\/p>\n

|| four filenames in order.<\/p>\n

*\/<\/p>\n

#include <string><\/p>\n

#include <list><\/p>\n

#include <algorithm><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

PrintIt ( string& AString { cout << AString << endl; }<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

class IsAFlag {<\/p>\n

public:<\/p>\n

    bool operator () (string& PossibleFlag) {<\/p>\n

        return PossibleFlag.substr(0,1)=="-";<\/p>\n

    }<\/p>\n

};<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

class IsAFileName {<\/p>\n

public:<\/p>\n

    bool operator () (string& StringToCheck) {<\/p>\n

        return !IsAFlag()(StringToCheck);<\/p>\n

    }<\/p>\n

};<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

class IsHelpFlag {<\/p>\n

public:<\/p>\n

    bool operator () (string& PossibleHelpFlag) {<\/p>\n

        return PossibleHelpFlag=="-h";<\/p>\n

    }<\/p>\n

};<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

int main (int argc, char *argv[]) {<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    list<string> CmdLineParameters; \/\/ the command line parameters<\/p>\n

    list<string>::iterator StartOfFiles; \/\/ start of filenames<\/p>\n

    list<string> Flags; \/\/ list of flags<\/p>\n

    list<string> FileNames; \/\/ list of filenames<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    for (int i = 0; i < argc; ++i)<\/p>\n

    CmdLineParameters.push_back(argv[i]);<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

        CmdLineParameters.pop_front(); \/\/ we don't want the program name<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    \/\/ make sure we have the four mandatory file names<\/p>\n

    int NumberOfFiles(0);<\/p>\n

    count_if(CmdLineParameters.begin(), CmdLineParameters.end(), IsAFileName(), NumberOfFiles);<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    cout << "The " << (NumberOfFiles == 4 ? "correct " : "wrong ") << "number (" << NumberOfFiles << ") of file names were specified" << endl;<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 \/\/ move any flags to the beginning<\/p>\n

    StartOfFiles = stable_partition(CmdLineParameters.begin(), CmdLineParameters.end(), IsAFlag());<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    cout << "Command line parameters after stable partition" << endl;<\/p>\n

    for_each(CmdLineParameters.begin(), CmdLineParameters.end(), PrintIt);<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    \/\/ Splice any flags from the original CmdLineParameters list into Flags list.<\/p>\n

    Flags.splice(Flags.begin(), CmdLineParameters, CmdLineParameters.begin(), StartOfFiles);<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    if (!Flags.empty()) {<\/p>\n

        cout << "Flags specified were:" << endl;<\/p>\n

        for_each(Flags.begin(), Flags.end(), PrintIt);<\/p>\n

    }<\/p>\n

    else {<\/p>\n

        cout << "No flags were specified" << endl;<\/p>\n

    }<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    \/\/ parameters list now contains only filenames. Splice them into FileNames list.<\/p>\n

    FileNames.splice(FileNames.begin(), CmdLineParameters, CmdLineParameters.begin(), CmdLineParameters.end());<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    if (!FileNames.empty()) {<\/p>\n

        cout << "Files specified (in order) were:" << endl;<\/p>\n

        for_each(FileNames.begin(), FileNames.end(), PrintIt);<\/p>\n

    }<\/p>\n

    else {<\/p>\n

        cout << "No files were specified" << endl;<\/p>\n

    }<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    \/\/ check if the help flag was specified<\/p>\n

    if (find_if(Flags.begin(), Flags.end(), IsHelpFlag())!=Flags.end()) {<\/p>\n

        cout << "The help flag was specified" << endl;<\/p>\n

    }<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    \/\/ open the files and do whatever you do<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

}<\/p>\n

\u7ed9\u51fa\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\uff1a<\/p>\n

test17 -w linux -o is -w great<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The wrong number (3) of file names were specified<\/p>\n

Command line parameters after stable partition<\/p>\n

-w<\/p>\n

-o<\/p>\n

-w<\/p>\n

linux<\/p>\n

is<\/p>\n

great<\/p>\n

Flags specified were:<\/p>\n

-w<\/p>\n

-o<\/p>\n

-w<\/p>\n

Files specified (in order) were:<\/p>\n

linux<\/p>\n

is<\/p>\n

great<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

18 \u7ed3\u8bba<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u4ec5\u4ec5\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8c08\u4e86\u8c08\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528list\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u8bf4\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e0d\u96be\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u61c2\u4e86\u521a\u624d\u8bf4\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b97\u6cd5\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f60\u4f7f\u7528\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u7b97\u6cd5\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u6ca1\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u4e86\u3002\u4f7f\u7528STL \u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5c31\u662f\u5f97\u5230\u57fa\u672c\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000STL\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662fiterator\u3002STL\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u4f7f\u7528iterator\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6307\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8303\u56f4\uff0c \u6709\u65f6\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u3002STL\u5bb9\u5668\u652f\u6301iterator\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4 list<int>::iterator, \u6216 list<char>::iterator, \u6216 list<string>::iterator.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000iterator\u6709\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u7ee7\u627f\u6027\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002\u67d0\u4e9biterator\u4ec5\u652f\u6301\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668\u53ea\u8bfb\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b \u4ec5\u652f\u6301\u5199\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ec5\u80fd\u5411\u524d\u6307\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u662f\u53cc\u5411\u7684\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u4e9biterator\u652f\u6301\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u968f\u673a\u5b58\u53d6\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000STL\u7b97\u6cd5\u9700\u8981\u67d0\u4e2aiterator\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u52a8\u529b\u201d \u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9biterator\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u52a8\u529b\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b97\u6cd5\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u7f16\u8bd1\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0clist\u5bb9\u5668\u4ec5\u63d0\u4f9b\u53cc\u5411\u7684iterator\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u7684sort()\u7b97\u6cd5\u9700\u8981\u968f\u673a\u5b58\u53d6\u7684iterator\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u522b\u7684list\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570sort()\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u8981\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528STL\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u4ed4\u7ec6\u5b66\u4e60\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684iterator\u3002\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u6bcf\u79cd\u5bb9\u5668\u90fd\u652f\u6301\u90a3\u7c7biterator\u3002 \u4f60\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u7b97\u6cd5\u9700\u8981\u90a3\u79cditerator\uff0c\u4f60\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u61c2\u5f97\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u90a3\u79cditerator\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u5728field\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528STL<\/p>\n

    \u53bb\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u66fe\u7528STL\u5199\u8fc7\u51e0\u4e2a\u5546\u4e1a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5b83\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u6211\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\uff0c\u4e5f\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u903b\u8f91\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u6700\u5927\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6709\u5927\u7ea65000\u884c\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u6700\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u5c31\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u5b83\u8bfb\u5165\u5e76\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u4e2a1-2\u5146\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u6587\u4ef6\u4ec5\u82b1\u5927\u7ea620\u79d2\u3002\u6211\u662f\u5728linux\u4e0a\u7528gcc2.7.2\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u5728HP-UX\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\u3002\u5b83\u4e00\u5171\u7528\u4e86\u5927\u7ea650\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61\u548c\u5f88\u591a\u5bb9\u5668\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u4ece\u5c0flist\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u670914,000\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684map\u90fd\u6709\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5904\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ee7\u627f\u6811\u4e2d\uff0c\u9876\u5c42\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61\u8c03\u7528\u4f4e\u5c42\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u6211\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4f7f\u7528STL\u7b97\u6cd5for_each() ,find(),find_if(),count()\u548ccount_if()\uff0c\u6211\u5c3d\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\u4f7f\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u4f7f\u7528STL\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

    STL\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u81ea\u52a8\u7684\u628a\u4ee3\u7801\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u652f\u6301\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5c0f\u5fc3\u4f7f\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61\u5e76\u7ed9\u5b83\u4eec\u8d77\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u6211\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u6211\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u4e2d\u6d41\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5173\u4e8eSTL\u7f16\u7a0b\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u4f60\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u6109\u5feb\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u53c2\u8003\u6570\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u4e24\u672c\u4e66\u5728web\u4e0a\u90fd\u6709\u52d8\u8bef\u8868\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u6539\u6b63\u5b83\u4eec\u3002<\/p>\n

    Stroustrup\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u7ae0\u540e\u9762\u90fd\u6709\u4e2a\u5efa\u8bae\u680f\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u51fa\u5b66\u8005\u6709\u7528\u3002\u6b63\u672c\u4e66\u6bd4\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u7248\u672c\u66f4\u52a0\u5065\u8c08\u3002\u5b83\u4e5f\u66f4\u5927\u4e86\u3002\u4e66\u5e97\u91cc\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u51e0\u672c\u5173\u4e8eSTL\u7684\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u3002\u53bb\u770b\u770b\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4f60\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u8f6c\u8f7d\u81ea\uff1ahttp:\/\/www.cnblogs.com\/this-543273659\/archive\/2011\/ […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[29],"class_list":["post-332","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-defaultcategory","tag-c"],"yoast_head":"\nSTL list\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u8be6\u89e3 - nike0good<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/nike0good.com\/?p=332\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"STL list\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u8be6\u89e3 - nike0good\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u8f6c\u8f7d\u81ea\uff1ahttp:\/\/www.cnblogs.com\/this-543273659\/archive\/2011\/ […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/nike0good.com\/?p=332\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"nike0good\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2013-02-10T07:29:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"nike0good\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u4f5c\u8005\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"nike0good\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u9884\u8ba1\u9605\u8bfb\u65f6\u95f4\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"21 \u5206\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/nike0good.com\\\/?p=332#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/nike0good.com\\\/?p=332\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"nike0good\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/nike0good.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/4defa38da89de87e400861e73396baad\"},\"headline\":\"STL list\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u8be6\u89e3\",\"datePublished\":\"2013-02-10T07:29:00+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/nike0good.com\\\/?p=332\"},\"wordCount\":4149,\"commentCount\":0,\"keywords\":[\"C++\"],\"articleSection\":[\"DefaultCategory\"],\"inLanguage\":\"zh-Hans\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/nike0good.com\\\/?p=332#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/nike0good.com\\\/?p=332\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/nike0good.com\\\/?p=332\",\"name\":\"STL list\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u8be6\u89e3 - 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